Realized 1031 Blog Articles

Environmental Issues in DSTs: Who Owns the Risk and What Remediation Is Permitted?

Written by The Realized Team | Dec 28, 2025

As you may well know, a Delaware Statutory Trust (DST) is a promising investment offering benefits like tax deferral and passive income. However, many risks are involved, including environmental issues that result in losses or destruction of the underlying assets. Repairs and remediations are necessary to ensure continued operations, but the nature of DSTs creates a problem over who is responsible for this risk and how involved the DST can actually be in the remediation efforts.

In this blog post, Realized 1031 goes in-depth about DST environment risks and remediation.

Who Is Liable for Environmental Risk?

Environmental risk covers various hazards from the natural world, such as disasters and man-made accidents. Changing environmental regulations are also included under this category of risks.

In traditional real estate investments, environmental risk is usually handled by the investors, but this isn’t the case for DSTs, since the investor is merely a beneficial interest owner. It’s the DST that is liable to environmental risk. As such, the sponsor must take steps to mitigate this challenge. Environmental site assessments are often conducted as part of the sponsor’s due diligence before acquiring an asset.

Why Can’t the DST Handle Remediation?

A DST, as the legal owner of the underlying properties, is responsible for addressing environmental losses. However, those who are eligible for 1031 exchanges face one problem: Revenue Ruling 2004-86 prohibits DSTs from taking certain actions that would constitute “active management.” This restriction stems from the idea that DSTs are supposed to be passive in nature, and practices like major property improvements or new leasing activity can count as active involvement.

This reality creates a problematic situation. How can a DST protect its property and ensure continued cash flow if it cannot directly manage or improve the asset for 1031 exchange eligibility preservation?

How Sponsors Typically Handle Environmental Problems

There are a few ways the DST sponsor can get around these restrictions, ensuring compliance while preserving the value of the underlying assets.

  • Master Tenant: The most effective method is to work with a master tenant. This entity serves as the main party handling the day-to-day operations of the asset and can handle remediation efforts should a disaster strike, ensuring compliance with lease terms.
  • Insurance Coverage: Most DSTs maintain environmental liability insurance that covers investigation and cleanup up to certain limits. Should involuntary conversion occur due to extensive damage, this insurance can provide the necessary funds for repairs or replacement.
  • Limited Remediation Authority: DSTs can be given certain allowances or undertake de minimis corrective actions after the disaster has occurred. However, these remediation capabilities are often limited.

Evaluating Environmental Risk Before Investing

Given the passive role of investors in DSTs, the best step to take is to choose a DST that has robust and compliant strategies for remediation. Examine the private placement memorandum (PPM) closely, checking information like the following.

  • Age and condition of the underlying assets
  • Environmental assessment reports
  • Insurance policies and remediation rights

Performing this due diligence helps you select DSTs with lower chances of suffering environmental damage, allowing you to protect your investment.

In Conclusion: DST Environment Risk and Who Handles It

Environmental issues, while rare, can wreak havoc on DST investments. The DST is liable for addressing this risk, but the terms of 1031 exchanges limit its capabilities. As such, investors must choose DSTs with strategies that allow them to remediate damages while maintaining compliance. Careful sponsor due diligence remains an essential step for these investments.

Sources:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/involuntary-conversion.asp

https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rr-04-86.pdf

https://thecuriaregis.com/2023/06/environmental-risk-management/