Realized 1031 Blog Articles

Casualty or Condemnation at DST Level: Insurance Proceeds, Rebuilds, and Exchange Impacts

Written by The Realized Team | Dec 26, 2025

Are you considering investing in a Delaware Statutory Trust (DST)? This move is an appealing option for many investors, especially because of the passive income, steady cash flow, and capital gains tax deferrals. However, it’s important that you know certain events can add risk and complexity to the investment.

In this article, Realized 1031 focuses on DST condemnation and casualty, two unfortunate possibilities that may have an impact on your tax-deferral benefits. Let’s take a closer look at how these events are treated at the DST level to help you set your expectations.

Defining DST Condemnation and DST Casualty

DST casualty loss occurs when a disaster (or other events) results in the loss or destruction of property. Calamities like earthquakes or fires, as well as criminal acts like vandalism, result in casualties.

Meanwhile, condemnation occurs when a government entity seizes a part of or all of the property for public use. The main principle is eminent domain, which requires the government to provide compensation for the seized assets.

In the case of either event, DSTs usually receive insurance proceeds or a condemnation award for the lost asset value. These payments result in involuntary conversions under Section 1033, and the way the funds are handled determines whether you get to maintain your tax deferral benefits or face a tax hit.

Insurance Proceeds and Condemnation Compensation

There are several ways the DST trustee or sponsor can treat the proceeds.

  1. Repair or Rebuild: The sponsor can use the funds for repairs or rebuilding. The IRS does allow you to maintain tax-deferral benefits as long as the funds are reinvested within two to three years. Plus, the DST sponsor must maintain its passive role in the rebuild throughout.
  2. Distribute Proceeds: If the DST chooses not to rebuild, insurance proceeds may be distributed to investors. However, this triggers recognition of taxable gain to the extent that proceeds exceed the investor’s adjusted basis.
  3. Use Proceeds in a Replacement Property: An involuntary conversion exchange may be implemented, which means replacing the destroyed asset with a new one.

Rebuilds and Replacement Timelines

Section 1033 is the main source of rules for involuntary conversions.

  • General Rule: The IRS gives a two-year replacement period for properties with casualty losses. For example, if the asset was damaged by a hurricane in 2025, the DST has until 2027 to rebuild or replace it. Otherwise, the deferred gains will be recognized.
  • Special Rule: Three years is the allowed replacement period for condemned properties seized under eminent domain.

If rebuilding or replacements are done within these windows, investors maintain their tax-deferral status. Two to three years is a long time, but challenges like zoning issues or the fact that the DST cannot have direct control over the business activities of each property can lead to delays.

1031 Exchange Impacts and Considerations

If the DST rebuilds or undergoes an involuntary conversion exchange, then tax-deferral benefits remain preserved, and the only time you become liable to taxes is if the DST distributes the proceeds. As such, many sponsors choose the first two options to avoid boot.

In cases where the entire DST portfolio is affected, the sponsor may arrange a 1033 exchange into a new DST or direct property. This strategy keeps investors on a similar footing as a traditional 1031 exchange, but under the involuntary conversion framework.

Quick Recap: What Investors Need To Know About DST Condemnation

When DSTs receive compensation for damaged or condemned property, the event can lead to tax liability or continued deferral depending on the next steps the sponsor takes. Rebuilding or exchanging under Section 1033 rules can preserve tax-deferral benefits, while a distribution results in boot. As such, it’s important for investors to maintain communication with the sponsor to understand what the latter is planning to do and set expectations.

Sources:

https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/involuntary-conversion-get-more-time-to-replace-property

https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/eminent_domain

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/casualty-loss.asp